• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The object of the present invention is an antenna on a small-sized printed circuit board without this penalizing the antenna parameters (directivity, bandwidth) or complicating the manufacturing process thereof. The printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals contains at least one active element, preferably of the monopole type and whose structure defines a direction of maximum radiation, and which has at least one impedance matching element and is characterized in that the at least one impedance matching element has at least one printed conductive element electrically connected to the active element. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2848735A1
    申请号:ES202130110
    申请日:2021-02-12
    公开日:2021-08-11
    发明作者:Fernández Jesús Ricart；Fernández Alba Gallardo；Losada Javier Pazos
    申请人:Televes S A U；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0003] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0005] The present invention refers to a printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals according to claim number 1.
    [0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009] Traditional antennas are known and described in many documents. In order to obtain small antennas that facilitate, for example, their integration of different devices (mobile phones, GPS devices, etc.) or their installation indoors with low visual impact. An antenna made in printed technology, and in particular in microstrip technology, has already been described in multiple publications. Examples of such publications are the patent application US2003160730A1 of General Motors LLC or the European Patent EP0540899 of Televes.
    [0011] In the case of a Yagi antenna, for example, traditional antennas are composed of an active element type dipole, which is a symmetrical element ( balanced) and that has to be connected to an asymmetric element ( unbalanced), such as a coaxial cable, or the input of an amplifier (usually through a microstrip line). Said connection implies the need to carry out an impedance transformation by means of a balun type device ( balanced to unbalanced), whether the latter is a discrete component or by means of a printed element.
    [0013] This type of impedance transformations are carried out by means of resonant structures, that is, impedance transformations through lines of length A / 4 or similar. Document CN106785482A (University Huaqiao) describes a Yagi antenna in which this technique is applied. However, this solution entails a reduction in the bandwidth of the antenna, which is why in many cases it is not adequate. This reduction in this bandwidth also occurs in any other type of antenna with a different radiation pattern (for example, omni-directional antennas).
    [0015] Alternative structures have been proposed in order to achieve an increase in bandwidth, such as that shown in document KR20150124619, which proposes the use of a double dipole, with the dipoles separated from each other by a fraction of the wavelength (multiple of A / 2), so that both are in phase and add their effects. However, the drawback of this solution is that the size of the antenna increases compared to an antenna with a single dipole, as well as a higher manufacturing cost due to the need to incorporate more complex power circuits that require dual technologies. face with connection between both faces.
    [0017] Another solution is that described in patent application US5220335A, consisting of an unbalanced printed antenna, and therefore without the need for an impedance transformer adapter element. However, this solution consists of a so-called "patch" antenna, and in which the ground plane must be located on the other side of the printed circuit, which does not solve the increased complexity involved in the use of double circuits. face connected to each other.
    [0018] The object of the present invention is an antenna on a small-sized printed circuit board without penalizing the antenna parameters (directivity, bandwidth) or complicating the manufacturing process of the same. This objective is achieved with a device such as that described in the claims, and has a number of advantages.
    [0020] In an example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals contains at least one active element, preferably of the monopole type and whose structure defines a direction of maximum radiation, and which has at least one element of impedance matching and is characterized in that the at least one impedance matching element has at least one printed conductive element electrically connected to the active element.
    [0022] This example has the advantage that it allows an antenna design without the need for separate and independent radiating elements for impedance matching when performed directly on the radiating element (s), which means a reduction in size. of the antenna. It is an antenna structure with the impedance adapted in the working band directly by design to the connection with external elements (such as cables, amplifiers or active or passive devices that can be connected to the antenna) without the need for additional elements.
    [0024] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element and the at least one impedance matching element lie in the same plane.
    [0026] This example has the advantage of reducing manufacturing complexity, as well as reducing the use of materials by having all its elements arranged in the same layer of the printed circuit. This allows the antenna fabrication to be used in a monolayer circuit, and therefore in a single-sided printed circuit.
    [0028] In the case of double-sided printed circuits, this example would make it possible to use the other face of the circuit to incorporate other elements to the antenna, such as, without being limited to, filters or amplification circuits. In the case of multilayer circuits, similarly, other layers could be used for the elements described, making the appropriate connections between the different layers.
    [0030] In another example according to the invention, the antenna has at least one reflector element.
    [0032] The presence of a reflector provides the advantage of allowing the antenna radiation pattern to be modified by increasing the front-to-back ratio.
    [0034] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element, the at least one impedance matching element and the at least one reflector element meet on the same plane.
    [0036] This example has the advantage of reducing manufacturing complexity, as well as reducing the use of materials by having said elements arranged in the same layer of the printed circuit. This allows the antenna fabrication to be used in a monolayer circuit, and therefore in a single-sided printed circuit.
    [0038] As in the previous example , in the case of double-sided printed circuits, this example would make it possible to use the other face of the circuit to incorporate other elements into the antenna, such as, without being limited to, filters or amplification circuits. In the case of multilayer circuits, similarly, other layers could be used for the elements described, making the appropriate connections between the different layers.
    [0039] In another example according to the invention, the antenna has at least one directing element.
    [0040] This example has the advantage that it makes it possible to increase the directivity of the antenna, that is, to increase the gain in a given direction.
    [0041] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element, the at least one impedance matching element and the at least one directing element meet on the same plane.
    [0042] The advantages inherent in the two previous examples are analogous for this case.
    [0043] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one impedance matching element is arranged perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element.
    [0044] This example has the advantage of reducing the size of the antenna structure, further facilitating the decoupling between the impedance matching element and the active element. As perpendicular, it should also be understood that non-significant inclination of the impedance matching element or elements with respect to perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element that allows said reduction in the size of the antenna circuit, that is, an inclination of the element or Impedance matching elements with respect to the perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the element between -15 ° and 15 °
    [0045] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that it has a ground area.
    [0046] The term "ground area" is used to designate what is commonly known as "ground plane" (zero voltage), to differentiate it from the term "plane" as a geometric concept that is used for each of the layers of a printed circuit.
    [0047] This example has the advantage that the positioning of a ground area makes it possible to improve the directivity of the antenna by increasing the gain in the direction of maximum radiation of the active element.
    [0048] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the ground area is located in the same plane as the at least one active element, the at least one reflector element, the at least one directing element and the at least one impedance matching element.
    [0049] The fact that this area is coplanar with the antenna structure allows to reduce size and limit the manufacturing to a single layer (face) circuit.
    [0050] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the ground area is arranged in such a way as to define the desired characteristics of the antenna.
    [0051] The size and positioning of the ground area on the circuit, as well as its distance from the elements that make up the antenna (director elements, reflector elements, impedance matching elements, active element) influences its radiation pattern, as well as its bandwidth. Therefore, the selection of a certain shape, extension, position and profile of the ground area in the circuit will allow to contribute to the improvement of the characteristics of the antenna desired for a certain application.
    [0052] The size of the ground area determines the gain and therefore the radiation pattern, so that a larger ground area provides a greater gain to the antenna. The separation with respect to the active element and the director elements will condition the working frequency and its bandwidth. It also determines the design in terms of the impedance of the antenna, which will increase or decrease depending on the distance to the active element and the impedance adapter elements. Regarding the distance from the reflector, this determines the front / back relationship, and therefore the radiation pattern.
    [0054] This example therefore has the advantage that it allows to obtain an antenna with a more significant gain in sizes of the active element of fraction of wavelength (<A / 2) depending on the distance from the ground area to the dipole, as well as different directivities of the same (distance to the directing elements and / or reflector elements), and in the impedance of the antenna (distance to the impedance matching elements).
    [0056] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one directing element and / or at least one reflector element is connected to the ground zone. It is therefore a particular case of the previous example in which the distance from at least one director and / or at least one reflector to the ground area is zero.
    [0058] This example has the advantage that:
    [0060] - On the one hand, the connection of one or more directing elements to the land area gives the possibility of configuring the bandwidth and / or the working frequency of the antenna depending on the application for which it is intended.
    [0061] - On the other hand, the connection of one or more reflector elements to the ground area gives the possibility of forming the antenna radiation diagram both in transmission and reception, modifying the front / back relationship.
    [0063] In another example according to the invention, the printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element and / or the at least one impedance matching element has a meander shape.
    [0065] This example has the advantage that it minimizes the space occupied by an active element and / or an impedance matching element for a certain length of the elements (length that will be conditioned by the frequency band and directivity that is intended to be achieved in the case of the active element, and of the impedance to which it is intended to adapt the antenna in the case of the impedance matching element), with the consequent reduction in the size of the antenna.
    [0067] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0069] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented. following:
    [0071] Figure 1.- Exemplary embodiment of the antenna according to the invention.
    [0072] Figure 2.- Exemplary embodiment of the antenna with a ground area according to the invention.
    [0073] Figure 3.- Example of embodiment of the antenna with a reflector element and a director element connected to the ground area according to the invention
    [0074] Figure 4.- Example of embodiment of the antenna with an active element in the form of a loop according to the invention
    [0075] 1 Printed antenna according to the invention
    [0076] 2 Active element
    [0077] 3 Reflector element
    [0078] 4 Guiding elements
    [0079] 5 Impedance matching elements
    [0080] 6 Printed conductor connection elements between impedance matching element and active element
    [0081] 7 Signal input / output terminals
    [0082] 8 Direction of maximum radiation of the active element.
    [0083] 9, 9 'Angles between impedance matching elements and the direction of maximum radiation
    [0084] 10 Ground (Plane) Zone
    [0085] 11 Connection between reflector element and ground area (plane)
    [0086] 12 Connection between directing element and ground (plane) zone
    [0088] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0090] Below, and by way of non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. Figure 1 shows an image of a preferred embodiment of the antenna.
    [0092] Said antenna 1 contains an active element 2 of the monopole type, a reflector element 3 that allows directing the reflections of the received signal towards the active element 2, three director elements 4 that allow directing the received signal towards the area with the highest gain of the antenna , two impedance matching elements 5 connected by means of a printed conductive element to the active element 2, and an input / output terminal 7 for connecting the antenna with an external element (cable, amplifier, etc).
    [0094] Active element 1 consists of a meander that minimizes the surface area on the printed circuit board for a given dipole length. Said active element could have any other shape. By way of non-limiting example, the active element could be from a simple rectilinear printed line to a loop, as shown in a later embodiment.
    [0096] The antenna according to this preferred embodiment has a reflector element 3 in the rear area of the antenna (defined as the area in which direct signal transmission / reception is not intended). Alternatively, and as the person skilled in the art will understand, both the number, shape, length and separation between said reflectors 3, as well as their separation from the active element 2, may be different, depending on the characteristics of the antenna. (front / back ratio, working band and bandwidth) to be achieved. By way of non-limiting example, two V-shaped reflectors could be placed at an angle of 45 ° to each other and separated from the active element by a minimum of 2 mm.
    [0098] In this preferred embodiment, three directing elements 4 of different lengths are located, which direct the signal towards the monopole. As will be understood by the expert in the field, both the number, shape, length and separation between said directors 4 and of these with the active element 2 may be different depending on the characteristics of the antenna (gain in the direction of maximum radiation, front / back ratio, working band and bandwidth) that are intended to be achieved (for example, without being limited to it, 5 semicircular directors, with identical or logarithmic separation between them with the closest to a minimum distance of 2 mm from the active element).
    [0099] printed to the active element 2 shall be designed in such a way as to adjust the impedance of the antenna in order to connect with other devices or external elements such as, for example, without being limited to them, cables, amplifiers or any other devices for signal processing. radio frequency. Said adaptation elements can have different shapes, lengths and distance to the active element 2 from the area furthest from the active element itself 5. Said characteristics will depend on the application requirements of the transmitting / receiving antenna in relation to its bandwidth and / or directivity, as is well known in the state of the art.
    [0101] A variant of this preferred embodiment would allow incorporating an additional number of active elements 2 with or without at least one impedance matching element 5, thereby allowing the directivity of antenna 1 to be modified, incorporating impedance matching elements 5 only in those in which that is deemed necessary.
    [0103] In Figure 1, the impedance matching elements 5 are located in one way, 9, 9 'being not perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element 8, but in a direction tending to align with said perpendicular with the aim of reduce the size of the antenna circuit.
    [0105] On the other hand, in the embodiment adaptation elements 5 are located one in the front area of the antenna (defined as the area in which the transmission / reception of direct signal is intended) and another in the rear area of the antenna. Alternatively, the impedance matching elements could differ in number and / or shape from the example described, as well as being positioned indistinctly at the front or rear of the antenna.
    [0107] Figures 2 and 3 show, by way of non-limiting example of what has been described, an antenna with a single active element that has two linear adapter elements 5 located in the front part of the antenna perpendicular (9, 9 ') to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element 8.
    [0109] In the example of Figure 1, all the elements described (active element 2, reflector element 3, director elements 4, impedance matching elements 5, input / output terminal are located in the same plane (face or layer) that would facilitate the design and manufacture on a monolayer printed circuit board, being able to use the other side of the same to incorporate other elements to the antenna, such as, without being limited to, an amplifier circuit or a filter for the selection / rejection of a However, in other preferred embodiments, each of the elements described, as well as any combination or a subset thereof, could be implemented in different planes (layers), and the different layers connecting together if deemed necessary, constituting a multilayer circuit.
    [0111] The preferred embodiment of Figure 1 has antenna input / output connection terminals, one of which must be connected to ground. However, Figures 2, 3 and 4 show embodiments in which the grounding terminal 7 is replaced by a ground area (plane) 10.
    [0113] In another preferred embodiment according to Figure 2, the ground area (ground plane) 10 is located parallel to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element 8, which makes it possible to configure the directivity of the antenna 1.
    [0115] In the preferred embodiment of Figure 3, it has a reflector element 3 and three director elements 4. The reflector 3 and one of the directors 4 are connected to the ground area. In this way, characteristics are obtained according to the design to be implemented.
    [0117] Finally, Figure 4 shows another preferred embodiment of an antenna 1 with a single active element 2 in the form of a meander that has a single adapter of a reflector element 3 with a concave profile located at the rear of the antenna. In this embodiment, the antenna has a ground area (plane) 10 located in the same plane as the rest of the elements. As can be seen, the profile of the land area is different in the vicinity of each of the elements, so that certain characteristics are achieved (directivity, radiation pattern, front-to-back ratio, bandwidth and working frequency. ). Therefore, characteristics of the antenna 1 adapted to the specific application for which it is intended are obtained by carrying out an adequate design of the characteristics (profile, positioning, distance to each of the elements) of this land area 10.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) containing:
    - at least one active element, preferably of the monopole type (2), with a direction of maximum radiation (8), and which has at least one impedance matching element (5),
    characterized by
    - that the at least one impedance matching element (5) has at least one printed conductive element electrically connected to the active element (2).
    [2]
    2. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claim 1 characterized by
    - that the at least one active element (2) and the at least one impedance matching element (5) are in the same plane.
    [3]
    3. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains:
    - at least one reflector element (3),
    [4]
    4. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claim 3 characterized by
    - that the at least one active element (2), the at least one impedance matching element (5) and the at least one reflector element (3) lie in the same plane.
    [5]
    5. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains:
    - at least one guiding element (4),
    [6]
    6. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claim 5 characterized by
    - that the at least one active element (2), the at least one impedance matching element (5) and the at least one directing element (4) are in the same plane.
    [7]
    7. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to the preceding claims, characterized by
    - that the at least one impedance matching element (5) is arranged perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element
    [8]
    (8) 8. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to the previous claims characterized by
    - that has a land area (10)
    [9]
    9. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claim 8 characterized by
    - that the land area (10) is located in the same plane as the at least one
    [10]
    10. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claims 8 and 9 characterized by
    - that the ground area (10) is arranged in such a way as to define the desired characteristics of the antenna (1).
    [11]
    11. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to claims 3 to 10 characterized by
    - that at least one directing element (4) and / or at least one reflector element (3) is connected to the ground zone (10).
    [12]
    12. Printed antenna for the reception and / or transmission of radio frequency signals (1) according to all the preceding claims, characterized by
    - that the at least one active element (2) and / or the at least one impedance matching element (5) has a meander shape.
    eleven
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    ES2848735B2|2022-01-04|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES202130110A|ES2848735B2|2021-02-12|2021-02-12|PRINTED ANTENNA FOR THE RECEPTION AND/OR TRANSMISSION OF RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNALS|ES202130110A| ES2848735B2|2021-02-12|2021-02-12|PRINTED ANTENNA FOR THE RECEPTION AND/OR TRANSMISSION OF RADIO FREQUENCY SIGNALS|
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